AIAI reconstruction created with Nano Banana 2 · 1K, grounded in the profile’s documented taxonomy, habitat, natural-history sources, and an open-license visual reference when available. It is an interpretive image, not documentary evidence. Image policy →
Ruff
Combatiente
Calidris pugnax
The Ruff (Calidris pugnax) is a medium-sized migratory shorebird associated with wetlands. Breeding males develop highly variable ornamental head tufts and shaggy neck ruffs and display communally at leks; females are smaller and brown-and-white. Outside breeding plumage it resembles a more typical sandpiper and feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates. It breeds across northern Eurasia, and a small number of vagrants reach North America. In Puerto Rico it is an accidental or vagrant species.
Sound archive
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Play: call by Lars Edenius
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Sound recorded by Lars Edenius · XC903292 · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Visualization by Stichting Xeno-canto voor Natuurgeluiden.
Every recording retains the creator, catalogue number, and license published by Xeno-canto. Metadata via GBIF ↗
Island profile
About the Ruff
The Ruff (Calidris pugnax) is a medium-sized migratory shorebird associated with wetlands. Breeding males develop highly variable ornamental head tufts and shaggy neck ruffs and display communally at leks; females are smaller and brown-and-white. Outside breeding plumage it resembles a more typical sandpiper and feeds mainly on insects and other invertebrates. It breeds across northern Eurasia, and a small number of vagrants reach North America. In Puerto Rico it is an accidental or vagrant species.
Conservation
Least Concern
IUCN LC
- Global IUCN
- LC
- Puerto Rico DNER
- No current listing in source crosswalk
- Federal ESA
- No current listing in source crosswalk
- Critical habitat
- Not identified in source crosswalk
Natural history
How it lives
- Habitat
- wetlands
- Elevation
- 0–1000 m
- Nest
- Scrape · Grass
- Clutch
- 3–4 eggs
- Social behavior
- Colonial; Social / flocking; Solitary; Lekking
Keep exploring
This bird belongs to 6 paths through the atlas.
Related in the atlas
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Connected by taxonomy, habitat, occurrence, and conservation.
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Evidence trail